electiveHQ

Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation; ion production by EI or CI; molecular ion; isotopes; N rule; fragmentation, rearrangement; characteristic processes of different organic classes; applications.Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy - instrumentation; Types of electronic transitions; Conjugation; selected examples. Infrared Spectroscopy - types of vibration; Characteristic vibrations of different functional groups; emphasis on C=O group; applications. NMR Spectroscopy - introduction; CW vs FT NMR; 1H NMR; chemical shift; spin-spin coupling; integration; protons on heteroatoms; magnetic equivalence; AMX, ABX, and ABC spin systems; spin decoupling-1H-1H connectivity ; 13C NMR; decoupling; chemical shifts e.g. aromatic compounds; 2D NMR - 1H-1H connectivity (COSY); 1H-13C connectivity (APT, DEPT); nuclear Overhauser effect; examples.Structure elucidation - strategy; combined use of NMR, IR, MS, and UV; selected problems. Naming of heterocycles; synthesis of pyrroles, furans, thiophenes, imidazoles, oxazoles, pyridines; aromaticity and heteroaromaticity; p-deficient/excessive heterocycles; reactivity of five membered heterocycles; electrophilic substitution; Diels-Alder reactions of furan, pyrrole, thiophene; reactivity of pyridine and pyridine-N-oxide; nucelophilic substitution of pyridine; reactivity of imidazole; structure and reactivity of organolithium reagents; lithiated derivatives of pyrrole, furan thiophene, pyridine.